Primary Observation Assessment Grades K-2)   The development of early literacy skills is critical for children to become proficient readers The Primary Observation Assessment (POA) includes 21 reading texts. This set of books encompasses a gradient of text difficulty that spans the range of reading from the earliest emergent reading in kindergarten to more proficient second to third grade readers. There are corresponding guide sheets that help teachers determine accuracy and comprehension scores with attention to phrasing and fluency. The POA includes paragraph dictations used to determine spelling and writing progress at the end of first grade and throughout second grade. Every fall and spring, students in kindergarten through second grade are individually assessed. In Kindergarten students are assessed on letter identification, phonological awareness and concepts about print. In grade 1, students are assessed on their phonological awareness, instructional reading levels and sentence dictation/paragraph dictation. In grade 2, students are assessed on their instructional reading level and the paragraph dictation assessment.   Principles Underlying the POA Obtain instructional information by observing the child’s processing as well as the end product score. Observe precisely what children say and do. Use authentic tasks using reading and writings task that closely resemble classroom practice. Determine what each particular child knows in order to take him/her to a higher level of learning and not waste time teaching what has already been learned. Have every child working to his/her highest potential. Monitor change over time and follow individual, class and school progress as it meets local, state and national standards. Return to Assessment Page Return to Milton Elementary School Page